Did you know that 2 in 5 adults in the United States are affected by obesity, and nearly 1 in 11 Americans have severe obesity [1]? This statistic highlights the pressing need for effective weight loss solutions.
Weight loss medications, also known as anti-obesity drugs, are designed to help individuals lose weight when diet and exercise alone are insufficient.
These medications work in various ways: suppressing appetite, increasing feelings of fullness, or reducing fat absorption.
The US FDA has approved several medications for long-term weight management, including orlistat, liraglutide, phentermine-topiramate, naltrexone-bupropion, and semaglutide [2], [3], [4].
But how do you know if you’re choosing the right weight loss drug for you? Let’s explore the factors to consider, backed by research and expert insights.
Factors to consider when choosing a weight loss medication
1. Medical history and health conditions
Before you start taking weight loss medications, it is important to consider your medical history and any existing health conditions.
Some medications may not be suitable for individuals with certain conditions, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, or thyroid problems.
For instance, weight loss drugs like phentermine-topiramate may increase heart rate and should be used with caution in individuals with cardiovascular issues [2].
2. Body Mass Index (BMI)
Weight loss medications are typically prescribed based on your BMI. Generally, you’re considered a candidate for weight loss drugs if your BMI is 30 or higher.
Those with a BMI between 27 and 30 may also be eligible if they have weight-related health conditions like type 2 diabetes or high blood pressure [4].
3. Effectiveness and expected weight loss
It’s important to have realistic expectations about the effectiveness of weight loss medications. On average, individuals can expect to lose about 5% to 10% of their starting weight with the help of these medications.
However, responses can vary, with some individuals losing more weight and others less. Medications like semaglutide have shown promising results, with average weight loss ranging from 8% to 15% within 12 to 18 months of treatment [3].
4. Potential side effects
Like all medications, weight loss drugs come with potential side effects, which may include diarrhea, nausea, constipation, and bloating. These side effects often occur at the beginning of treatment and tend to lessen over time.
However, some medications may have more serious side effects, and it is essential to discuss these risks with your healthcare provider [3], [4].
5. Lifestyle and treatment adherence
Weight loss medications are most effective with lifestyle modifications like engaging in regular physical activities and adopting a balanced diet. Commitment to these lifestyle changes is crucial for achieving and maintaining weight loss.
Medications should be viewed as a tool to assist in weight loss, not as a standalone solution [2].
Critical points to understand about weight loss drugs
It’s essential to have realistic expectations when starting a weight loss medication. The amount of weight loss is often less than many expect, with an average of about 5% to 10% of the starting weight [2].
Injectable weight-loss medications like liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide have been shown to lead to more significant weight loss than oral medications or lifestyle changes alone.
Research indicates an average weight loss of 8% to 15% within 12 to 18 months of starting an injectable medication [3].
It is important to have regular monitoring by a medical professional as this is essential to observe any potential side effects and to evaluate the medication’s effectiveness.
Weight loss medications should be used with caution, particularly for individuals with certain health conditions such as cardiovascular issues [4].
While weight loss medications can be effective in managing obesity, careful consideration of medical history, BMI, lifestyle, and potential side effects is necessary.
Remember to always seek advice from your physician to make a well-informed choice that aligns with your health and weight reduction objectives.
With the right approach and medical guidance, weight loss medications can help you achieve and maintain a healthier weight, improving your overall health and well-being.
[1] National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Overweight & Obesity Statistics
[2] JAMA Network. Medications for Weight Loss: Indications and Usage
[3] JAMA Internal Medicine. What Should I Know About Injectable Weight-Loss Medications?
[4] National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Prescription Medications to Treat Overweight & Obesity
